Affirmative Action Essays (3610 words) - Social Inequality

Affirmative Action Thesis: Although many people believe that affirmative Action is a form of racism, it is actually used to help minorities find employment in an otherwise racist world. ?In the United States, equality is a recurring theme. It has flared into a fervent moral issue at crucial stages of American history: The revolutionary and Jacksonian Period, and the New Deal. In each era, the legitimacy of American society is challenged by some set of people unhappy with the degree of equality? (Verba and Orren). Following the Civil War, Congress passed a number of laws designed to put former slaves on an equal level with white people. The Fourteenth Amendment made the freedmen citizen and prohibited states from enforcing any law which took away the privliges of any citizen, depriving men of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law, or denied men equal protection of the laws. In 1875, Republican majority in Congress, aware that reconstruction would soon end, passed a civil right act to secure by law semblance of equality for Black Americans (Urofsky 19). Many white Americans really did not like the idea of equality for the Black Freedmen. ?Gideon Welles, who had been prevailing sentiment when he wrote in 1871: ?Thank God slavery is abolished, but the Negro is not, and never can be the equal of the white man. He is of an inferior race and must always remain so'?(Urofsky 23). The supreme court agreed and in 1883 passed the Civil Rights act which diluted much of th! e protection of the Fourteenth Amendment. Justice Joseph Bradely interpreted the enforcement provision of the amendment as strictly remedial; ?congress has the power to remedy a discriminatory state law, but could not take affirmative steps to protect blacks from other forms of prejudice? (Urofsky 21). As a result of this decision, the federal government took no action to combat racism in the country until the second world war (Urofsky 22). Because resentment continued to increase within the black communities and because of the threat of a march on Washington, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order on June 25, 1941. This order directed African Americans to be accepted into job-training programs in defense plants. The order also stated that discrimination would not be excepted by employers holding defense contracts. It also set up a fair employment practice commissions to investigate charges of racial discrimination. Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower continued to enforce fair employment legislation after Roosevelt's policies because Congress was unwilling to do so. In 1954, the supreme court decision Brown v. Board of Education pressured both houses of Congress and the executive office to take some positive steps on behalf of civil rights. In January 1961, John F. Kennedy took office. Almost immediately Roy Wilkins of the NAACP called for action to promote employment opportunities for African Americans. John F. Kennedy responded with executive order 10925, which created a presidential commission on equal employment opportunity; it also mandated federal contractors to take ?Affirmative Action? to ensure that there would be no discrimination by ?race, creed, color or nationality.? This was not the first time that the government ordered it own contractors not only to avoid discrimination, but to take positive steps to redress the effects of discrimination in society. In some cases contractors were asked to pay employees doing similar work, the same amount of pay. Without congressional action an executive order could only last so long, and in 1963 Kennedy secured passage of the Equal Pay Act. The Equal Pay Act prohibited employers from paying women less than men for the same work. ?A short time later due to the assassination of kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson called for the passage of the Civil Rights Bill as a memorial to the late president kennedy. Lyndon B. Johnson skillfully guided and expanded versions of kennedy's proposal through the house and senate. The Civil Rights Act was signed into law July 2, 1964. Title VII of the act banned employment discrimination based on ?race, color, sex, and nationality,? it also created a permanent equal employment opportunity commission to enforce its provisions. The act also for the first time included obligations not to discriminate to private employees, labor unions, and governmental agencies.(Urofsky

Preventing and Controlling Sooty Mold Tree Disease

Preventing and Controlling Sooty Mold Tree Disease Sooty mold appropriately and exactly describes the disease, as it looks just like chimney soot.  Ascomycete  fungi, which includes many genera, commonly  Cladosporium  and  Alternaria are usually the offending fungal organisms.  Although unsightly, it seldom damages the tree but it can look nasty in the landscape. The pathogens are dark fungi growing either on the honeydew excreted by sucking insects  or on exuded sap  material coming from leaves of certain trees. These sucking insects can include aphids and scale insects and sooty mold may occur on any tree but is most commonly seen on boxelder, elm, linden, and especially  maple trees. More on Honeydew Honeydew is a sugary,  sticky liquid secreted  by sucking, piercing  insects as they feed on plant sap. The insect feeds itself by using a special mouthpart that penetrates  the soft tissues of plant foliage, soft stems and most particularly for aphids, the tender underside of leaves. These soft-bodied insects produce the honeydew as a liquid waste product via the gut but will not harm your tree. Its a real problem on  everything beneath and around the tree that is exposed to the syrup and then colonized by sooty mold. Prevention of Sooty Mold Sooty molds are associated with high temperatures and increased stress brought on by limited moisture. During drought, aphid populations and their honeydew production typically increase on foliage undergoing moisture stress. One prevention method for the mold is keeping plants and trees well-watered and controlling the soft-bodied insect population is very important. Control of Sooty Mold Sooty molds can be indirectly controlled by reducing populations of sucking insects that excrete honeydew. Use the appropriate recommended chemicals that control aphids and other sucking insects. The appropriate chemicals  your trees need for these sucking insects might be applying horticultural oil  during the dormant season  followed by an insect growth regulator in the mid-summer. Also, a good washing of infested trees foliage (if possible) can dilute the honeydew and wash off the mold. This alone may be all that is needed.

Encyclopedia of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Encyclopedia of Nursing - Essay Example How could you as a nurse assist persons in this experience? What would the nurse use to promote better-coping skills? These questions form the core of nursing in my opinion. All of this can sometimes be difficult for nurses. In the workaday environment of a hospital, practitioners too often â€Å"glaze over† or become somewhat automatic. Everyday routine can sometimes numb them to their surroundings, making it difficult to connect with patients that require special attention. It is not hard to imagine the situation: nurses are human just like the rest of us—the fact that there are terrible suffering and pain all around them is something they will eventually adapt to after a certain amount of time. Patients who come into a hospital have many fears and anxieties about their experience: just how sick are they? What do all these new confusing words mean? How will their problem affect the quality of their lives? It can be very difficult to cope. For nurses who have seen it a ll before it can be difficult for them to be patient and supportive. It is the same basic biological principle as hypostasis. This model argues that it is vital to be mindful and keep in mind the various prejudices and fears all humans harbour—and try to use these feelings to help shape positive relationships with patients under care. The nurse and patient need to come up with what some call a â€Å"shared story.† This is my vision for nursing. This focus on a shared story is very important. The relationship between the patient and the practitioner in a very real sense a developing narrative. In order to live out my philosophy of nursing, every day I must remember this, that a nurse and his or her patient must form a shared story. Those people and professionals who work at a hospital form a family.  

Marketing Strategy of Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Strategy of Apple - Essay Example The main objective of this research is to recognize the marketing strategy of Apple from the customer’s point of view. Therefore, the questionnaire design and data analysis in this study are focused on the elements of the marketing mix. In this research, descriptive studies will be used. Descriptive research is a research based on a set of methods and procedures which are used to describe variables, such as consumers’ attitudes, intentions and behaviors. Descriptive studies are mostly used in survey based researches, in which respondents are requested to fill survey questionnaires (Burns and Bush, 2006). There are several benefits of using descriptive research. Firstly, it could provide data for comparative analysis of competitive products. Secondly, new product performance can be evaluated through such a research. Lastly, it can develop profiles of types of customers and their preferences, which can greatly help the company. Questions about products, distribution, and marketing strategies will be asked in the research. The purpose of this design is to make this kind of research productive (Chisnall, 2005). The reason for using this type of research design is that it perfectly matches to the objective of thi s research, which is to evaluate the effect of marketing strategies on product performance from the customer’s point of view. The research design and data analysis will be divided into several steps. First of all, secondary data will be scanned in order to find what existing literature has to say about the topic. Secondary data is data previously gathered by someone other than the researcher for some purpose other than the research project on hand (Burns and Bush, 2006). In this research, most of the secondary data will be accessed through the internet, which is a form of online research. Secondary data can be divided into two forms: internal and external. The word â€Å"internal data† refers to the data collected within the

Environmental Causes of Delinquency Research Paper

Environmental Causes of Delinquency - Research Paper Example It highlights the similarities and differences between them by explaining how each factor influences criminal behaviour among the minors. As environmental factors, they tend to rely on each other to form the identity of the minors as they grow up. However, when they are all controlled, the youths can be prevented from engaging in criminal acts and develop into normal, law-adhering citizen. Keywords: Delinquent Behaviour, Crime, Environment, Youths, Juveniles, Minors, Drugs, Families, Poverty, Social Setting, Gender, Peer Group, Street Gangs, Robbery, Sexual Activities, Drug Abuse Introduction For a long time, juvenile delinquency has been a key concern in societies and the governments all over the world. It not only costs the youths themselves, but also the society in large; the general government’s time and financial resources are used to combat criminal activities among the youth. In considerable terms, children’s experience in the social setting, way of being brought up, and association contribute to shaping their characters and interests in life as they grow up. There are many factors in the environment that influence a child’s development, and consequently, participation in delinquency, such as social and economic factors affecting their personal lives, morale, confidence, and the well being of their families. What the children or minors hear and see from the environment remains quite clear in their memory, and most of the time, they are always persuaded to practice it to satisfy their quest. Ever wondered why young girls and men engage in sexual behaviours, form gangs, get convinced to drop out from school, commit murders, and engage in vandalism or any other illegal acts? Well, the root of causes lies in the environmental factors and control. Influence of Family Characteristics The family is the pillar of the child in development and largely contributes to what minors’ associate with early in life. At first, it begins with par ental supervision and the quality of the established relationship between the parents and the child. Based on supervision, parents get to correct their children’s behaviour early before they develop into serious problems. In many cases, due to poor supervision or lack of it, the minors have become addicts to watching unregulated programmes in the absence of their parents, contributing to depiction of violent movies and pornography, which are psychologically unhealthy for their age. The parents sometimes fail to control their children’s access to the internet or what they watch out of ignorance, viewing it as an escape to perform their other demanding roles. With such an opportunity, in their state of sexual curiosity, it easily leads to subsequent sexual crimes through the media that expose them to incest, rapes, child pornography, and prostitution as they watch cartoon pornography. The minors will copy the acts to identify themselves with movie stars who may be commit ting crimes, the fact of which might be unknown to the children. It goes without mentioning that parents should also use effective disciplining techniques to correct and not harshly punish the minors because to them, it could seem unjust and could even increase their anger to transform into something else. Children brought up in broken families or by separated

Is Low Self Esteem Linked To Racism?

Is Low Self Esteem Linked To Racism? In the US, racism is a very familiar issue. Racism manifests itself in various ways including police brutality against minorities, racial profiling and affirmative action. Issue like the history of slavery and the rising resentment against immigrants are also quite well known. The truth is, racism is not a thing of the past. Perhaps it has reduced in the past century, but it is still quite alive today. Eradicating racism is one of those processes that cannot happen in an instant, but they happen over a long period of time. Slowly, but surely, we are moving in a positive direction. Low self-esteem has become a frequently repeated explanation for social and personal problems ranging from young peoples involvement in violent crimes to personal failures and racist behaviors. According to psychologists who have researched the topic, racism is about real power, it is not just something that people randomly think about. Social issues like racism are quite complex and multilayered. It partly has to do with issues of economics, political power, and domination. It is also based on how people perceive, interpret, and value differences. Basically, people act in ways that align with their perceptions. People define circumstances in ways that are real to them and also according to the values that they were raised with. It is true that racial groups have things that make them distinct; however people sometimes dwell on negative distinctions as opposed to the positive ones. We humans tend to emphasize stereotypes that relate to our most closely held values. For instance, a group that values intellect may be quick to see another group as inferior in intelligence. Similarly, if loyalty is valued by a group, then it may label others as disloyal. It seems that racism helps racists feel good about themselves and their racial group by focusing on comparisons with other groups. These issues are what give these groups an identity. There are many ways in which people try to feel better about themselves; as individuals and as a group. Seemingly, everyone likes to believe that their racial group is unique but people tend to overestimate the level of positive attributes present in the group. On the other hand, when it comes to negative qualities, people tend to underestimate those. Racism can develop because of limited information. As humans, we find ourselves putting people in categories like good versus bad and friend versus foe. Without these generalized concepts and categories, getting through the day would be highly demanding. Categorization helps us take shortcuts and helps us become more efficient in making decisions. Also, racism towards other groups often leads to feelings of anxiety when we encounter the members of other racial groups. When we are anxious, we tend to avoid what makes us anxious. We simply avoid contact with individuals by hiring someone else for a job, striking up friendships with someon e else we feel more comfortable with, and sitting down at the lunch table with those who seem to be more like us. Racism may help us feel better about ourselves, we avoid challenging our thinking. In other words, we become defensive and protective of our opinions and only reluctantly question our thought patterns. And these ways of thinking helps protect not only our self-esteem, but also privileges and benefits that we have as members of a racial group. For example, racist discrimination which in the past has limited slots available to minority groups at universities has benefitted the majority population by making more slots available to its members. So, maintaining our racist views of others allows us to feel better about our own group and to avoid challenging unfair social practices that benefit us. Furthermore, we as humans seem to put effort into maintaining our views of the world. For example, we may pay attention to information that supports our views. The more strongly we hold a stereotype, the more we tend to remember confirming information about that racial group. For instance, the more we believe that Asian people cannot drive, the more likely we will remember incidents which seem to support these views. We also discount or rationalize information that is contradictory to our belief system. People who do not act according to our stereotype of them stand out to us as different. For example the Black person who is intelligent articulate and the Asian man who is a good driver become exceptions to the rule, but the rule remains. It is almost like when we see someone from a different racial group, we look for those stereotypes that align with our thinking. Racism, Violence Immigrants in the workplace The U.S. legislative system is currently battling over the Immigration bill for workers. Resistance is fierce in the House of Congress to any plan to legalize the estimated 12 million illegal immigrants or to create a program of millions of guest workers who would in turn be put on a path to citizenship. No one accuses House leaders of acting out of racism, but some say they are responding to constituents who are. The House leadership needs to show some progress on the immigration issue to soothe angry anti-immigrant forces in the country. But the President and Senate want guest workers and a path to citizenship as part of any deal. The Democratic allegations of racism may sound like just another political strategy, but there certainly is a case to be made that racial fears are fueling some of the debate on the immigration policy. The political demand to seal the U.S.-Mexico border, and the Presidents new proposal to send 6,000 members of the Army to help, is supposed to be based on national security. But why then is no one proposing sending additional troops to secure the U.S.-Canada border? Most people want to know if the U.S. is trying to stop primarily undocumented Mexican workers rather than terrorists from crossing the border. Figuring out just how many immigrants, Hispanics or otherwise, to let into the country each year is exactly what lawmakers ought to be trying to do as they undertake immigration reform. Setting immigration targets that are in the countrys interest is, after all, the point of having an immigration policy to begin with. Policymakers should be asking questions like: what kinds of skills does America need to import? And how many of them do they need? What advantage is there is in allowing family members to join new citizens, as is currently the policy? Just as important, the debate could address the issue of race head-on: should ethnicity be a factor in granting citizenship? But until politicians define the goals of American immigration policy; who and how many do we want and for what reason, it will be impossible to eliminate the influence of ant i-immigrant forces who, whether racist or not, draw dubious conclusions and make misleading statements. In Canada, immigration reform needs to take place especially to protect long-term care facility workers who are immigrants. Long-term care facility workers include nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, administrators etc. Canadian long-term care facilities are violent and dangerous workplaces. This need not be the case, a study found that 43% of personal support workers endure physical violence at work on a daily basis, while another quarter face such violence every week. Most are women, and many are immigrants or from minority racial groups. Violence is a constant and ongoing part of their job. In contrast, they found that levels of violence are much lower in Nordic countries, indicating that the high level of violence in Canadian facilities is exceptional and not a necessary feature of work in long-term care. The study is part of a larger project comparing Canadian long-term care facilities with Nordic European countries. Violence in long-term care is not just a workers issue. It is an immigration issue. The vast majority of care-giving staff are women, many of whom are immigrants and women of color. Personal support workers are the ones who suffer the most. The fact is that much of the violence occurs during direct care activities. Because personal support workers provide the bulk of direct care, they are most frequently exposed to violence. This does not imply that violence does not have an impact on other workers. In fact, the researchers found that 16.8% of registered nurses and 24.6% of licensed practical nurses, and registered nursing assistants experience violence on a daily basis. These numbers are shocking, but they do not come close to the prevalence of daily violence for personal support workers (43%). Workers at 71 unionized long-term care facilities in Manitoba, Ontario and Nova Scotia were surveyed about their experiences of physical violence, unwanted sexual attention and racial comments. They also took part in focus group discussions. The workers were nearly seven times more likely to experience daily violence than workers in Nordic European countries like Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Researchers also identified racism and structural violence. This stems from severe working conditions for caregivers who are committed to caring but robbed of the resources to do so. The researchers concluded that long-term caregivers work under conditions that not only foster violence but also render it invisible. Most violent incidents go unreported. Workers are afraid to report violent incidents, fearing that they will be blamed. Or they simply do not have the time to do so because of the paperwork involved. The verbal violence experienced by care workers often includes threats, screaming, cursing, racial insults, and demeaning remarks. The physical violence experienced by care workers typically includes being slapped or hit with an object. It frequently involves being pinched, bitten, having ones hair pulled, being poked or spit on. Having ones wrists painfully twisted is also common. Unwanted sexual attention was also frequently experienced by those surveyed. Approximately one third said they experienced unwanted sexual attention on a daily or weekly basis. Over 11% of the staff said they encountered racist comments on a daily or weekly basis. According to the research, this is likely an underestimation of workplace racism. A large number of workers from minority groups work in large urban centers with high likelihood of racism. Also, the questionnaires were available only in English and workers were required to fill them out alone, so workers with language barriers are underrepresented. In focus group discussions, many workers reported that they personally experienced or overheard racism at work. Long-term care workers link violence and racism with working conditions. Having too much to do, working with too little time and too few resources places workers in dangerous situations. Working short-staffed is a major contributor. Canadian personal support workers reported that they routinely work short-staffed. Almost half say they do so every day. And over one third felt that they are too often left alone to care for residents. When these working conditions were compared to those of the citizens of Nordic countries, they just could not match up. Immigrants and minorities are simply not treated the same as non-immigrants and non-minorities. What can one person do? I recently read the story of a lady who currently resides in Canada but was born in the Philippines. A few years ago, the woman had a very difficult decision to make. She gave birth to her son in Canada and had the impossible choice between an impoverished life for him in the Philippines, or leaving him with strangers in Canada. Now Salvador, a Filipino migrant domestic worker in Montreal, is campaigning against what she calls the systemic racism and sexism of the Canadian governments Live-in Caregiver program. Salvador entered Canada in 1995 as one of thousands of Filipino workers in the Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP). The LCP is an initiative of Citizenship and Immigration Canada, allowing foreign workers (almost always women) to enter Canada as domestic workers living in their employers home. Salvador earns $271 for a 49-hour week and after taxes takes home $221. After completing 24 months of work within 3 years of arriving, caregivers are allowed to apply for landed immigrant status. For Salvador, the choice to come to Canada was a matter of life and death for her family. She felt that she had no choice but to move to Canada. Even with the LCP, applicants pay fees to their own government, to the Canadian and Quebec governments, to the employment agency, and for their travel. For Salvador this amounted to over $4700 Canadian. This was such a large sum of money for Salvador and she struggled to gather the money. Colonialism and global capitalism have created a situation in the Philippines where its economy is dependent on transnational corporations, where low-wage contract work, poverty and unemployment are rampant, and where 2000 workers leave the country daily in search of a livelihood. It seems like the Canadian governments need for cheap labor and the Labor Export Policy of the Philippines makes the LCP a functional system. The government of the Philippines systematically pushes Filipinos out of the country, so that they can earn money abroad. Meanwhile, there are millions of dollars being sent back to the Philippines by these migrants. Salvador has been elected vice-chairperson of Pinay, a Filipino womens advocacy and support organization. Pinay gives caregivers information, advice, and guidance through the problems they may encounter with employers, agencies, and the government. Many of its members are current and former caregivers who call strongly for the LCP to be overhauled or abolished. The Canadian Filipino community in general also wants the program scrapped and campaigns across Canada on the issue. Critics of the LCP say that significant problems arise for migrant workers under the program. As caregivers live in the home, they often work unpaid overtime, including extra tasks such as cleaning, cooking and tutoring. Theoretically, live-in caregivers are granted basic rights such as access to employment insurance, pregnancy leave, overtime pay, vacations and paid holidays. The law states that people with complaints about their employers should file them with the appropriate Commissioner in Quebec. And if the caregiver is fired, they are still allowed to find another employer in the meantime. But there is a gap between the theory and the reality that caregivers face. One problem Salvador finds with this procedure is that if a caregiver is fired, whether or not she files a complaint, the 4-6 month waiting period for a new work permit is too long. In Salvadors case, when her employers learned she was pregnant, they fired her. She was not allowed to work between permits, eventually could not fulfill the 24-month requirement. She says some employers considered her to be unwanted. In contrast, a pregnant colleague heeded her employers suggestion to have an abortion, kept her job, and eventually became an immigrant. Salvador was unable to fulfill the immigration requirements because she was pregnant, gave birth and was fired. If she was a man, of course she would have no problem fulfilling the 24 months. Salvador did not comply with her first order to leave the country, as she has filed an appeal to remain in Canada on humanitarian grounds. She met with an immigration official, however, and was told to leave the country or be deported by force. According to Salvadors affidavit, the immigration officer found that the applicants volunteer work with three local community organizations did not show integration into Canadian society, because the organizations exist to help persons of Filipino origin. When a local member of the National Action Committee of the Status of Women found out about the situation, she was outraged. She could not believe that helping the Filipino Canadian community was not considered tangible. This is pure discrimination and racism. Furthermore, although an employer made known his willingness to hire her, the immigration officer expressed doubts that Salvador could find a job in Canada. But throughout her irregular employment, she had never let herself become a burden to the Canadian government. Neither was she ever a burden to the government of her country. Some of the caregivers were skilled workers such as nurses or accountants in the Philippines, but in Canada are confined to domestic care giving, jobs that Canadians do not want to do. Salvador was always willing to be a care giver, as long as she is able to obtain residency status. All she wants is a better life for her family. For example, when Canada brought in foreign nurses to fill demand, they were given status. In fact, the work of care givers allows both Canadian parents to work and contribute to Canadian society. Care givers also contribute taxes and fees to the Canadian government, which is if great benefit to them. Salvador points out that the Canadian government saves money importing the cheaper labor of women from developing countries, instead of instituting a national childcare program. Basically, the government is filling a public need with a private solution. Her affidavit states that the immigration officer suggested that her son should be left behind in Canada. It is believed that he would not suffer trauma due to separation from only one parent, as he has never seen his father. How outrageous this is. Salvadors lawyer argues that Salvador and her son should remain in Canada for humanitarian reasons. Her son is a Canadian citizen, and as a result he has all the rights accorded to a Canadian citizen, including the Constitutional right to live in Canada. If the mother is deported, his rights would be violated, either the right to live in Canada if deported along with his mother, or the right to security of the person if he stays in Canada because he would be separated from his mother, the only parent he has ever know. Salvador was refused an extension on her work permit. She should theoretically be granted all the rights and access to services of any other Canadian citizen, including access to health care. Salvador was not able, however, to renew her sons Medicare card when her employment authorization ran out. The Campaign to Stop the Exploitation of Melca Salvador has included many community members and students in research, letter-writing campaigns, media outreach, raising legal funds, organizing demonstrations, and distributing information. Petitions and letters of support have been received from migrant worker communities around the world. Their press release states that LCP critics insist deporting women live-in caregivers such as Salvador and others in several recent cases, is unjust on humanitarian grounds. These women are not disposable commodities that Canada can use and dump at will. Demands for the Canadian government include allowing Salvador to remain in Canada with her son Richard, recognizing the rights and contributions of foreign caregivers and nannies to Canada, granting Melca and all LCP workers residency now, and abolishing the LCP as it now exists. In many cases these women are overworked and underpaid but because they have to complete 24 months of work within 3 years just to apply for residency status, they put up with it. Campaign members are organizing a Canada-wide day of protest in support of Salvador, which is Thursday, October 19th. They hope to reverse her deportation order so that she can stay with her son. Unfortunately, the federal government does not seem ready to hear their critiques of the LCP. It does not seem like there are any changes planned for the LCP, not even a re-evaluation of the programs impact. Recently, several Canadian Filipino activists insisted on meeting Canadas Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, to discuss their co ncerns. Conclusion By changing our behavior, for example, putting ourselves in close situations with members of other racial groups, we increase our familiarity with these individuals. As we become more familiar with them, we naturally see that we are more alike than different. Not all contact will lead to positive attitude changes. It seems the contact is best if structured; encounters among equals who are cooperating to achieve a common goal. These kinds of behavioral activities are some of the most effective ways to change prejudice against people of other races.

Shakespeare and Similarity of Gender Roles :: essays research papers fc

Shakespeare and Similarity of Gender Roles #2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shakespeare, although historically gender biased, can be charged with giving both males and females similar characteristic traits within his plays. This can best be proven using the comparison of Portia from the â€Å"Merchant of Venice† to King Henry from â€Å"Henry V†. These two characters, barring gender, show common traits throughout both of these plays. They are also set into similar situations, such as marital issues, prank playing, and the use of disguises.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As audiences are introduced to each of these characters, they are shown both their wealth and intelligence. In â€Å"Henry V†, the audience is quickly given King Henry’s â€Å"free-spirited† background, but then is told of his miraculous change in demeanor after his father’s death. The Bishop of Canterbury explains it as â€Å"But that his wildness, mortified in him,/Seemed to die too; yea, at that very moment/ Consideration like an angel came/ And whipped th’offending Adam out of him,/ Leaving his body as a paradise/†¦Never was such a sudden scholar made† (1.1 27-33). Portia’s intelligence is explained best by the literary critic Mrs. [Anna Brownell] Jameson when she states that Portia is â€Å"distinguished by her mental superiority. [In Portia] intellect is kindled into romance by a poetical imagination† (38-39). Portia’s sense of humor and spiritedness makes itself known almost immediately when she is first introduced in â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† with her waiting woman, Nerissa. In this speech, which concerns the terms of her future marriage according to her deceased fathers’ will, Portia artfully and impertinently describes the suitors who have vied for her hand thus far (1.2). Forced marriage is a common bond that Portia shares with King Henry. According to her deceased fathers’ wishes, Portia must marry the man who chooses the correct casket from a choice of three. She has no say in the matter. Henry, also, has no say in whom he must marry. As King, he must cement England’s bonds with France, and thus make his marriage to Katharine a condition of Frances’ surrender. Portia, happily, ends up marrying the gentleman that she wishes. Henry decides to â€Å"woo† the Lady Katharine, supposedly falling in love with her. According to Desmond Seward, â€Å" The King†¦was enchanted by the girl. He regarded her as the only possible bride for him, if contemporaries are to be believed† (130-131). A strong parallel that Shakespeare creates between these two characters is their use of disguises.

Novel vs. Book Essay

This year we had the chance to read Everything is Illuminated by Jonathan Safran Foer, and we also watched the film adaptation directed by Liev Schreiber. Being able to see the two settings helps out to compare the two, see the differences between the novel and the movie. It is very important to mention that the movie definitely changed the perspective of the story we initially read due to the adaptations that were done by Schreiber. Even though, we did not read the whole book in class, a few differences can be brought out from what we read and saw regarding to this novel and movie. Everything is Illuminated is a novel written by Jonathan Safran Foer. This book was published in 2002, and due to its success, Liev Schreiber decided to adapt and direct the film with the same name, which was released in 2005. The movie starred Elijah Wood, Eugene Hutz, and Boris Leskin. The movie and the book varied greatly with the differences, and especially the adaptations changed the end of the movie completely. The settings of the book and the movie are completely different. The book is a set of letters written by both Alex and Jonathan, while the movie is focused in the dialogue they have in their adventure through Trachimbrod trying to find Augustine. In the movie, they did not explore Trachimbrod as much as they did in the book. The same characters that are in the book appear in the movie but there are a couple of losses when it comes to the characters personalities. The very first difference that can be seen is that in the book Jonathan is a writer looking for the woman who saved his grandfather, while in the movie he is actually a collector with the same mission. It is understandable that this change was done because the viewers would not have read any of the thoughts of his thoughts, and they rather used some sort of symbolization about how every single thing he collects have a especial meaning to him. Another thing that has been lost in the film adaptation is the growth in Alex’s character. In the book, we read an Alex who transforms from this funny immature broken-English speaking Ukrainian to a more considerate and mature young man, who even stands up to his abusive dad. It is a great loss character because this growth is one of the most important things that are appreciated in the book. It is a shame that it was not part of the movie because it would have been nice to how he transform from a kid to young man. Alex is not the only one who grows a character though; Grandfather does too. When t comes to Grandfather, it is when we face the biggest changes between the book and the film. In the book, Grandfather is a man who abhors Jewish people and even gave up his Jewish best friend to the Nazis in order to save his family. He even feels bad after, for saving the life of whom now abuses his own children, causing them trouble and those â€Å"bruises†. In the movie, Grandfather is a Jewish man who escaped death by the hands of the Nazis and lived the rest of his liv e in Ukraine pretending not to be Jewish. Also, the death of Grandfather was totally unexpected. Right after they met Lista, he committed suicide. Things should have been different when it comes to his growth as a character too. In the movie, the essence of Grandfather being a good person and feeling sorry is lost. It is bothersome to see how the movie differed greatly from the book, especially because the movie ends in the concept of a united family, and Jonathan Safran Foer did not write that at all. He emphasized Alex’s growth and showed how he stood up against his dad, who abused him and Little Igor. Alex became the figure of power and the one his brother will look up to. The fact that the movie did not capture that it is a great flaw from their part. Both Jonathan Safran Foer and Liev Schreiber did a good job; each of them portrayed something different with their piece of work. The movie is greatly criticized by the differences from the book but Schreiber had the courage to change things up a little and see it turned out. Liev Schreiber and Jonathan Safran Foer, both emphasized history as the theme of the plot and it worked perfectly as almost the only similarity the novel and the film adaptation had.

Poetry Analysis Essay the Relationship between Form and Content

Poetry Analysis Essay the Relationship between Form and Content Poetry Analysis Essay: the Relationship between Form and Content If you have been assigned with the task of writing a poetry analysis essay you may be wondering where to begin and what details you should cover when discussing a particular piece. Here are some tips that you can use to make this task more manageable and, in the course of your writing, gain a deeper understanding of the particular poem you are discussing. Many students will analyze a poem using a few common factors. These include: The language that is used in the piece itself including the choice of specific words by the poet; Specific imagery that the poet chose to include in the poem; The social factors that may have affected the poet when writing a specific poem. This is the content part here and all of these factors are very important for you to look at when you are writing a poetry analysis essay and all three of them look at the same element: the actual words that the poet used. However, when you limit yourself to examining the language itself, there is a lot of meaning and nuance that you are potentially missing out. What Poetry Is about? On the surface, it may appear as though a poet is trying to convey one meaning. After spending time digging down deeper into the poem and looking at it more closely it may become more evident that the poet had an entirely different thought or meaning in mind when he or she wrote a particular piece of a verse. When you look at the content and form separately, you have two different aspects that draw varied pictures. But when you analyze these two factors together, they can illustrate a very different story because a particular form can strengthen or weaken the utterance of an author and that must be taken into account. With that in mind, while looking into the form you need to pay attention to: How the verses are broken up; What the rhyming structure is; Whether the poet uses the traditional iambic pentameter system for their poem or a different metric system; Whether particular sections are repeated for effect or to convey a message. Each of these parts can affect a poem’s meaning and discounting them may lead to the fact that you miss what the writer is trying to say. For example, if a poet continues to repeat certain structures in a particular piece, it may mean that the theme expressed in the echo is much more important than you may initially believe. How Do You Break down the Poem and Make It Easier to Analyze? Breaking down the poem can actually make it easier to analyze. It is helpful to first look at the poet themselves. Finding out about their life and the era in which they lived can give you some valuable insight that may help you accurately analyze what they have written. Breaking the poem down stanza by stanza and looking at the form of each verse can help you look for the clues and information that you will want to include in your essay. For example, you can look at important elements such as: The tone of each verse. Does it change throughout the course of the poem? Does this tonal change contain important information about the poem? What is the structure of the stanza itself? Does it stay consistent throughout or is a particular verse written in a different structure? Is that differing structure repeated throughout the piece or is it simply an anomaly meant to highlight a particular image or idea? Which Aspects of the Poems Form Should You Focus on? If you are writing an essay and want to discuss the form of a piece you may be unsure of how to work these discussion points into the body of your essay. It doesn’t have to be hard if you keep a few important steps in mind. The first is to figure out what the thesis or basic idea behind your essay will be. This can help you by narrowing down specific stylistic points to focus on. Sometimes the style or form of a poem can be complicated and trying to write about every aspect of it may be overwhelming and may even seem confusing and disorganized for the reader. By narrowing down your commentary to specific aspects of a poem’s style you may find it easier to get your point across and lead your reader to the conclusion you want them to make. Once you start looking at a particular poem in depth you will begin to see how a stylistic point can become more or less important and this will help you determine whether it has a place in your essay or not. At you can buy an essay online which will be 100% custom written from scratch. All you need is to place your order  at our site!

How Evil Is Represented In Macbeth and Lord of the Flies Essay Example

How Evil Is Represented In Macbeth and Lord of the Flies Essay Example How Evil Is Represented In Macbeth and Lord of the Flies Paper How Evil Is Represented In Macbeth and Lord of the Flies Paper Essay Topic: Literature Lord Of the Flies Macbeth is a play, which was written by William Shakespeare between the reigns of Elizabeth 1 and James 1 in 1606. William Shakespeare had written many plays and poems during his era. Macbeth is one of the most popular amongst his works and is now recognised as a classic. Macbeth is a character in the play that is overcome by evil desires on his way to becoming king. The book explains what happens to Macbeth and how evil causes him to commit such actions, and how he fights to keep his throne as king. The Lord of the Flies is a novel, which is also a classic that had been written by William Golding. It is based during the Second World War, when a group of young boys are fleeing England to safety, but on their way, their plane crashes down onto a deserted island. Miraculously all the Children survive but all the adults had died. The book explores how these children no older than thirteen or fourteen live on the island until rescue arrives. Evil is represented in the novel by the fight for leadership between two rivals, Jack and Ralph, and how the other children live with this. Both the play and the novel have evil themes within them, which is reacted to by the characters. I will be comparing the ways evil is represented in Macbeth and The Lord of the Flies as well as exploring the different attitudes of the characters. At the start of Macbeth, evil is first introduced with three witches discussing when they shall meet again with Macbeth. An impression of the images of witches is long hair, long cloaks, large hats and all these items must be in black. In The Lord of the Flies, the boys gather together after Piggy and Ralph find a conch and blow it. After these boys gather together they spot another group of boys heading towards them and are described: : but each boy wore a square black cap with a silver badge in it. Their bodies from throat to ankle, were hidden by black cloaks which bore a long silver cross on the left breast and each neck was finished off with a hambone frill. (The Lord of the Flies- chapter 1- pg26) These boys are a choir and are led by Jack who is the head of the choir. The way they are dressed is like the image a person would get of witches. The cloaks that they were wearing had a silver cross on, and as this war was during the time of Adolph Hitler, the person who had many, many Jews killed, it is a symbol of his Nazi group. Just like when the witches create an image of evil, above are two images in which evil represented within Jacks group. Macbeth had arrived back from battle after defeating the Norwegians and taking the Thane of Cawdor prisoner. King Duncan is told of this and orders for the Thane of Cawdor to be killed and the title to be transferred to Macbeth. Later on, Macbeth and Banquo have a run in with the witches. He is told that he will become Thane of Cawdor and then king, and that Banquos children will be kings. Rosse tells Macbeth that he has been made Thane of Cawdor, but later he hears King Duncan has made his son Malcolm as the next king. A part of what the witches had told him has become true but he becoming king hasnt. From this moment on Macbeth starts to think evil due to hearing this: Let not light see my black and deep desires; The eye wink at the hand, yet let that be, Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see. (Macbeth- Act 1 Scene 4- Lines 51-53) Macbeth is contemplating whether he should commit murder in order to get his way, which reflects his arrogance. Similarly in The Lord of the Flies, Jack starts to show arrogance from the opening of the novel. The boys decide a chief need to be appointed, but Jack with simple arrogance speaks out: I ought to be chief, because Im chapter chorister and head boy. I can sing C sharp. (The Lord of the Flies- chapter 1- pg29) Jack just like Macbeth wants to appoint themselves as leaders, due to their arrogance, which they dont realise, but even though they are arrogant, the quotes reveal that they both have ambition. The only difference is between Jack and Macbeth that can be spotted so far is that Macbeth is willing to commit evil in order to fulfil his ambition, but in Jacks case it cant be seen how he wants to achieve his ambition. Later on in the play, Macbeth kills Duncan and frames the guards with the help of Lady Macbeth. Duncans sons Malcolm and Donalbain flee Scotland fearing their safety. The murder that had taken place had been taken late at night and that it was so horrid that even the nature got scared: Macbeth: I have done the deed (i.e. the murder). Didst though not hear a noise? Lady Macbeth: I heard the owl scream, and the crickets cry. Did not you speak? (Macbeth- Act 2 Scene 2- Lines 14-15) Even though the murder took place two scenes later, it was still late night. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth had planned to perform the wicked act at night. As murder is already evil, the atmosphere of it being late and gloomy had added to the atmosphere. This evil can be seen also in The Lord of the Flies when Simon faces his death. Simon is returning after seeing The Lord of the Flies and is shouting to the boys that there is no beast. It is late and dark, the boys are dancing and feasting, they hear some noises, they think it is the beast and viciously attack it only to find out that it was Simon. Going to be a storm, said Ralph. The dark sky was shattered by a blue white scar. (The Lord of the Flies- chapter 9- pg187-188) The similarities can be seen in how evil is represented in the novel and the play. William Shakespeare and William Golding both have used the same ways to represent the evil and similar ways to emphasise it through the atmosphere and nature. Another resemblance that is seen in both texts is the theme of peace. In Macbeth, whilst Duncan was king and ruled there were no problems, no inappropriate murders, and everyone lived in peace and harmony. As soon as Duncan is killed Macbeth takes over and problems arise. Macbeth wants to keep his position but he gets information from the witches, who lure him into committing evil acts in order to keep his status. Macbeth orders for many killings to take place. At the start of the play when Macbeth and Banquo meet the witches, they said Banquos children will be king, which had got Macbeth thinking. Macbeth decides that Banquo and his son must be killed, so he persuades the murders to attack Banquo and his son, Fleance. The murders kill Banquo but his son escapes. Macbeth has been Possessed with evil at this present time. There was also peace when Ralph was in charge of the boys at the start of the novel. This peace was broken when Jack got obsessed with his killing of pigs, and went off to make his own group. The rules were broken for the first time and this was when the peace and unity were broken: Jack! Jack! The rules! shouted Ralph, youre breaking the rules! Who cares? (The Lord of the Flies- chapter 5- pg114) We can see that in Macbeth the one of the reasons why Macbeth is lured into committing these evil acts is because the witches had given the initiative to commit these acts. For instance when Macbeth was told that he has been made Thane of Cawdor: Rosse: And, for an earnest of a great honour, He bade me, from him, call thee Thane of Cawdor (Macbeth- Act 1 Scene 3- lines 104-105) He would have been honoured to have that position, but because the witches told him early that he would be Thane of Cawdor as well as King, he thought the witches must have been telling the truth so he had it in his head that he should be King. This caused him to lead to the planning of the murder of Duncan. Likewise in The Lord of the Flies Jack wouldnt have been taunting the children with the idea of killing and hunting if it werent for the beast. The idea of the beast gave him the power and back-up for hunting and becoming obsessed with killing. In Macbeth, Lady Macbeth was the Person also to give Macbeth the initiative to kill Duncan. She would tell Macbeth that Duncan will not live to see the next day: Lady Macbeth: O! never Shall sun that morrow see! (Macbeth- Act 1 Scene 5- Line 60) Lady Macbeth is referring about Duncan in this sentence. She is telling Macbeth that Duncan will not be able to live to see the light tomorrow as he will kill him. This is a push factor for Macbeth upon which he should murder Duncan, as he has his wife whom will support him after the act takes place. Correspondingly in The Lord of the Flies, Roger is the exact representation of Lady Macbeth as he had joint Jacks tribe when they split up. This had given a confidence boost towards Jack as he knew he had people behind him to help him along the way. Jack is obsessed just like Macbeth with murder. It is as if it is a hobby for them. In Macbeth, Banquo, Malcolm, Macduff and many others have seen what Macbeth has become. They see that he committed many murders and was responsible for the murder of Duncan. They all fight back in the end and manage to kill Macbeth with their various armies. The same is in The Lord of the Flies, Piggy, Ralph and Simon realise that Jack and his tribe have become savages and have lost control of humanity. This can be seen when Jack and his tribe start to hunt and dont care about rescue. Their obsession has led them to loss of self-control as they end up hunting Ralph wanting to kill him. To conclude, William Shakespeare and William Golding both have managed to convey evil themes directly through evil acts such as murder as well as indirectly through the atmosphere and nature. They have expressed how the other characters react to the acts taking place and what they do to try and resolve it. I feel as if the authors have done an excellent job in conveying the evil to the reader and representing how people are convinced to commit such acts. The similarities can be seen between Jack and Macbeth in the texts. They have much in common and that is in an evil concept. They both enjoy killing and have an obsession with it, causing them to lose control of what happens around them. The other characters like Piggy, Ralph, Malcolm, Macduff have realised what Macbeth and Jack had become. They realised that they would have to act if they wanted to change things around. They did this by speaking out aloud and through physical battle. The authors have used the characters to symbolise the current situations faced by people in the present world. The Lord of the Flies along with Macbeth informs us that the human nature cannot be seen with the naked eye. It only reveals itself when it comes across a situation in, which it cannot hold itself any further. I believe that these texts illustrate that if there is something that needs to be changed then people should strive out and try to make a change, just like Macduff and Ralph did.

Reflective Journal Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reflective Journal - Coursework Example Nurses must understand different stages and medical personnel in blood transfusion and adhere to the key principles of the process (Hurrell, 2014). Understandably, the nurse identified the patient by checking their surname, patient identification number, and age thus ensuring the right patient receives the blood transfusion (Hurrell, 2014). The nurse prepared the patient by informing them of the risks and benefits of the process and discussed why the transfusion was a prerequisite for the patient’s treatment. After that, the nurse assisted the patient in preparing a written and signed consent for the transfusion. The patient was of majority age/adult and hence eligible to authorize the blood transfusion. It is understandable that nurses document the patient’s consent in the medical notes (Hurrell, 2014). Consequently, the nurse observed and recorded the patient’s pulse, blood pressure, and temperature before starting the transfusion (Hurrell, 2014). Ultimately, I witnessed the nurse conduct a final identification check with respect to the patient and the blood component, which ensured that the patient received the correct blood component (Hurrell, 2014). Notably, the availability of enough nursing staff fostered the immediate administration of the blood component to limit the risks posed by bacterial proliferation (Hijji, Oweis, & Dabbour, 2012). The nurse infused blood component slowly in the initial 15 minutes, which helped in monitoring the transfusion reactions that may occur during this process. Indeed, I noted how the nurse observed and monitored the patient under blood transfusion, which ensured the recognition of potential transfusion reactions (Hijji, Oweis, & Dabbour, 2012). However, the clinical experience was negative since it did not manifest other alternative treatments for liver failure. The patient’s

Aspects of Kirk's and Malcolm's Management Style that Contribute to Essay

Aspects of Kirk's and Malcolm's Management Style that Contribute to Their Effectiveness - Essay Example Like most of the managers of Neverwire, it is precisely the vision of Frank that led Kirk Arnold to join the company. Unlike Frank who wanted to have the right people in the company, Arnold focused on ensuring that their people knew what they need to do. By streamlining the operations and processes of the company, she was able to ensure teamwork and produce results that will guarantee the Neverwhere's sustainability. She became the model employee that she wants her team to be. Yet, aside from being a skilled manager, Arnold also had a personal approach, always commanding the effort, and coaching those who need improvement.  Ã‚  Like most of the managers of Neverwire, it is precisely the vision of Frank that led Kirk Arnold to join the company. Unlike Frank who wanted to have the right people in the company, Arnold focused on ensuring that their people knew what they need to do. By streamlining the operations and processes of the company, she was able to ensure teamwork and produce results that will guarantee the Neverwhere's sustainability. She became the model employee that she wants her team to be. Yet, aside from being a skilled manager, Arnold also had a personal approach, always commanding the effort, and coaching those who need improvement.  Ã‚  Frank and Arnold are the perfect partners for managing the company – one provided the â€Å"bigger picture† while the other provided the â€Å"inner work†. While one of them was busy ensuring that their people knew what they were trying to achieve, the other one was busy ensuring that their people had the right tools to get the work done right. Together, they make good complements.2. What are the key female gender stereotypes when it comes to leadership? Consider Kirk, do you find any evidence for or against these stereotypes? What factors (including her personal attributes) do you think might have contributed to her success in the business world?   In a research conducted by Alice Eagly and Linda Carli (2003), they mentioned several female gender stereotypes in leadership. Some of them are: (a) Women are more communal, they are attributed with characteristics such as warmth and selflessness and they lack assertiveness and instrumentality which people think are important distinctions of a leader (Eagly & Carli, 2003, p. 818); (b) Women are emotional, hence are unable to make objective decisions.Kirk Arnold however, one will see that the stereotypes are somewhat correct, but she was able to use it to her advantage. For example, her emotionality allowed Arnold to commend and appreciate her team explicitly, hence motivating them.